Attachment 2- Previous Use and Development

Attachment 2. Previous use and Development

The Feeding Practices in Early Childhood questions to be evaluated were derived from several sources. Related questions were tested by CCQDER in 20¹8.

The sources of the Feeding Practices in Early Childhood questions are as follows:

Question set one: Food Frequency Questions.

Set 1. Qs 1-29. Developed based upon NHANES 2019-2020 Diet Behavior & Nutrition Questionnaire. For fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages, inclusion of these questions would complement questions added to the 2021 and 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health study (2021-2022 NCHS - T1 questionnaire) and provide an opportunity to evaluate how these questions compare when additional data on dietary intake and biomarkers are available. Other specific foods listed to be asked as part of these questions are those for which FDA has estimated relevant contaminate exposure to arsenic, lead, cadmium, or mercury. Additional data from NHANES on frequency of consumption of specific foods would be used to evaluate the extent to which dietary intake from the two 24-hour recalls may be over- or under-estimated. Access to food frequency data exists for 1+ y, but the data are proprietary; no comparable data exist for infants.

Question set two: Child Feeding Practices Questions.

The questions on child feeding practices (set 2) were proposed by a Federal Data Consortium on Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months formed by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP) of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the United States Department of Agriculture, consisting of 26 agencies across multiple departments. The Consortium formed a working group to identify the data needs to advance the science base used to inform future federal nutrition and related health programs, policies, and consumer information and to provide ongoing monitoring of the nutritional status and health of these populations. The working group then developed these new questions to address the identified data needs.  The wording of these newly developed questions was modeled from following existing survey resources:

• WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study 2 (ITFPS-2)          

• FDA’s Food Safety and Nutrition Survey (FSANS)

• NHANES 2019-2020:  Diet Behavior and Nutrition Questionnaire (DBQ) and Early Childhood Questionnaire (ECQ) 

• 2021, 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health Study: 2021-2022 NCHS - T1 questionnaire

• Behavioral Feeding Questionnaires: Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ):  FPSQ; Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire IFSQ; Infant Feeding Questionnaire IFQ

1 Creamer, L., Vickers, B., Schoua-Glusberg, A., and Glusberg, D.,2018, Evaluation of Food for Babies and Mothers’ Health Questions on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey B24 Month Questionnaire