U.S. Individual Income Tax Return Forms

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2025

Instructions for Form 2210-F
Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishers
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless
otherwise noted.

Future Developments
Go to IRS.gov/Form2210F for the latest information.

Reminders
Tax Withholding Estimator. To determine adjustments to
your withholdings, go to the Tax Withholding Estimator at
IRS.gov/W4App.

General Instructions
If you are an individual, estate, or trust and at least two-thirds
of your 2024 or 2025 gross income is from farming or fishing,
use Form 2210-F to see if you owe a penalty for underpaying
your estimated tax.
See Pub. 505 for a definition of gross income from farming
and fishing and more details.

Who Must File Form 2210-F

If you checked box A or B in Part I of Form 2210-F, you must
figure the penalty yourself and attach the completed form to
your return.

The IRS Will Figure the Penalty for
You

If you didn’t check box A or B in Part I, you don’t need to
figure the penalty or file Form 2210-F. Complete your return
as usual, leave the penalty line on your return blank, and
don’t attach Form 2210-F. If you owe the penalty, the IRS will
send you a bill. Interest won’t be charged on the penalty if
you pay by the date specified on the bill.

Who Must Pay the Underpayment
Penalty
You may owe the penalty for 2025 if you didn’t pay, by
January 15, 2026, at least the smaller of:

1. Two-thirds of the tax shown on your 2025 return, or
2. 100% of the tax shown on your 2024 return. Your 2024
tax return must cover a 12-month period.
Return. In these instructions, “return” refers to your original
income tax return. However, a second, subsequent, or
amended return filed by the due date (including extensions)
of the original return is a “superseding” return and is
considered as if it were the original return. The first return
filed is ignored to the extent it was changed by the
superseding return. Also, a joint return that replaces
previously filed separate returns is considered the original
return.
Oct 8, 2025

You won’t have to pay the penalty or file this form if any of the
following applies (but see Waiver of Penalty, later).
• You file your return and pay the tax due by March 2,
2026.
• You had no tax liability for 2024, you were a U.S. citizen
or resident alien for the entire year (or an estate of a
domestic decedent or a domestic trust), and your 2024
return was (or would have been had you been required to
file) for a full 12 months.
• The total tax shown on your 2025 return minus the
amount of tax you paid through withholding is less than
$1,000. To determine whether the total tax is less than
$1,000, complete lines 1 through 9.

Waiver of Penalty

If you have an underpayment on line 13, all or part of the
penalty for that underpayment will be waived if the IRS
determines that:
• In 2024 or 2025, you retired after reaching age 62 or
became disabled, and your underpayment was due to
reasonable cause (and not willful neglect); or
• The underpayment was due to a casualty, disaster, or
other unusual circumstance, and it would be inequitable
to impose the penalty. For federally declared disasters,
see Federally declared disaster, later.
To request either of the above waivers, do the following.

• Check box A in Part I.
• Complete Form 2210-F through line 15 without regard to

•
•
•

the waiver. Enter the amount you want waived in
parentheses on the dotted line to the left of line 16.
Subtract this amount from the total penalty you figured
without regard to the waiver, and enter the result on
line 16.
Attach Form 2210-F and a statement to your return
explaining the reasons you were unable to meet the
estimated tax requirements.
If you are requesting a waiver due to retirement or
disability, attach documentation that shows your
retirement date (and your age on that date) or the date
you became disabled.
If you are requesting a waiver due to a casualty, disaster
(other than a federally declared disaster, as discussed
later), or other unusual circumstance, attach
documentation such as copies of police and insurance
company reports.

The IRS will review the information you provide and will
decide whether to grant your request for a waiver.
Federally declared disaster. Certain estimated tax
payment deadlines for taxpayers who reside or have a
business in a federally declared disaster area are postponed
for a period during and after the disaster. During the
processing of your tax return, the IRS automatically identifies
taxpayers located in a covered disaster area (by county or
parish) and applies the appropriate penalty relief. Don’t file
Form 2210-F if your underpayment was due to a federally

Instructions for Form 2210-F (2025) Catalog Number 52887B
Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov

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Purpose of Form

Exceptions to the Penalty

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declared disaster. If you still owe a penalty after the automatic
waiver is applied, the IRS will send you a bill.
An individual or a fiduciary for an estate or trust not in a
covered disaster area but whose books, records, or tax
professionals’ offices are in a covered area is also entitled to
relief. Also eligible are relief workers affiliated with a
recognized government or charitable organization assisting in
the relief activities in a covered disaster area. If you meet
either of these eligibility requirements, you must call the IRS
disaster hotline at 866-562-5227 and identify yourself as
eligible for this relief. For information about claiming relief,
see IRS.gov/DisasterTaxRelief.

Specific Instructions
Complete lines 1 through 11 to figure your required annual
payment.

Exception. If you and your spouse file a joint return after the
due date to replace previously filed separate returns, use the
amounts shown on the joint return to figure your
underpayment.

Line 1

Enter the amount from Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR,
line 22. For an estate or trust, enter the amount from Form
1041, Schedule G, line 3.
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 filers: You may exclude the
amount of your section 965 net tax liability when calculating
the amount of your required annual payment.

Line 2

Enter the total of the following amounts.
IF you file for
2025...

THEN include on line 2 the amounts on...

1040,
1040-NR, or
1040-SR

Schedule 2 (Form 1040):
Line 4,
Line 8 (additional tax on distributions only),
Line 9,*
Line 11,
Line 12,
Line 14,
Line 15,
Line 16,
Line 17a,
Line 17c,
Line 17d,
Line 17e,
Line 17f,
Line 17g,
Line 17h,
Line 17i,
Line 17j,
Line 17l,
Line 17z, and
Line 19.

* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on
line 2. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are
true: (1) you didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2)
you wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household
employment taxes weren’t included.

2

THEN include on line 2 the amounts on...

1041

Form 1041, Schedule G:
Line 4,
Line 5,
Line 6 (6a, 6b, and 6c),
Line 7,* and
Line 8, don’t include the following write-ins.

• Look-back interest due under section 167(g) (identified
as “From Form 8866”).

• Look-back interest due under section 460(b) (identified
as “From Form 8697”).

• Interest accrued on deferred tax under a section 1294

election for the year of termination (see Form 8621, Part
VI, line 24; and the Instructions for Form 8621).

* If you’re a household employer, include your household employment taxes on
line 2. Don’t include household employment taxes if both of the following are
true: (1) you didn’t have federal income tax withheld from your income, and (2)
you wouldn’t be required to make estimated tax payments even if the household
employment taxes weren’t included.

Line 4

Enter the total amount of the following payments and
refundable credits, if any, that you claim on your tax return.
• Earned income credit.
• Additional child tax credit.
• Refundable part of the American opportunity credit (Form
8863, line 8).
• Premium tax credit (Form 8962).
• Credit for federal tax paid on fuels.
• Credit determined under section 1341(a)(5)(B). To figure
the amount of the section 1341 credit, see Repayments
in Pub. 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income.

Line 8

Include the taxes withheld shown on the following.
• Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 11, if you filed with Form
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR.
• Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 25d.
• Form 1040-NR, lines 25d, 25e, 25f, and 25g.
• Form 1041, Schedule G, line 14.

Credit for U.S. tax paid to the USVI. You can take a credit
on your U.S. return for the U.S. tax allocated to the USVI only
if you actually paid the tax to the USVI. To take the credit, you
must complete Form 8689 and attach it to your Form 1040 or
1040-SR. See the Instructions for Form 8689. You can
include that credit here.

Line 10

Figure your 2024 tax using the taxes and credits shown on
your 2024 tax return. Use the same type of taxes and credits
as shown on lines 1, 2, and 4.
2024 separate returns and 2025 joint return. If you are
filing a joint return for 2025 but you didn’t file a joint return for
2024, add the tax shown on your 2024 return to the tax
shown on your spouse’s 2024 return and enter the total on
line 10 (both taxes figured as explained earlier).
If you file a joint return with your spouse for 2025, but you
filed separate returns for 2024, your 2024 tax is the total of
the tax shown on your separate returns. You filed a separate
return if you filed as single, head of household, or married
filing separately.
2024 joint return and 2025 separate returns. If you file
a separate return for 2025, but you filed a joint return with
Instructions for Form 2210-F (2025)

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If you file an amended return by the due date of your
original return, use the amounts shown on your amended
return to figure your underpayment. If you file an amended
return after the due date, use the amounts shown on the
original return.

IF you file for
2025...

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your spouse for 2024, your 2024 tax is your share of the tax
on the joint return. You are filing a separate return if you file as
single, head of household, or married filing separately. To
figure your share of the taxes on a joint return, first figure the
tax both you and your spouse would have paid had you filed
separate returns for 2024 using the same filing status as for
2025. Then multiply the tax on the joint return by the following
fraction and enter the result on line 10.
The tax you would have paid had you filed a separate return
The total tax you and your spouse would have paid had you filed separate
returns

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retained as long as their contents may become material in the
administration of any Internal Revenue law. Generally, tax
returns and return information are confidential, as required by
Internal Revenue Code section 6103.
The time needed to complete and file this form will vary
depending on individual circumstances. The estimated
burden for individual filers is approved under OMB control
number 1545-0074. The estimated burden for estate and
trust filers is approved under OMB control number
1545-0092. For the estimated averages, see the instructions
for your income tax return.
If you have comments concerning the accuracy of these
time estimates or suggestions for making this form simpler,
we would be happy to hear from you. See the instructions for
the tax return with which this form is filed.

Paperwork Reduction Act Notice. We ask for you to obtain
the information on this form to carry out the Internal Revenue

Instructions for Form 2210-F (2025)

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If you didn’t file a return for 2024 or if your 2024 tax year
was less than 12 months, don’t complete line 10. Instead,
enter the amount from line 7 on line 11. However, see
Exceptions to the Penalty, earlier.
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1041 filers: You may exclude the
amount of your net tax liability under section 965 when
calculating the amount of your maximum required annual
payment based on your prior year’s tax.

laws of the United States. You are required to obtain this
information.

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